1. What is Pigmentation?
Pigmentation is the natural coloring of the skin, primarily determined by melanin, a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. Melanin protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation and gives it its color.
 

Types of Pigmentation Issues
a. Hyperpigmentation: Excessive melanin production results in dark patches or spots on the skin.
b. Hypopigmentation: Insufficient melanin leads to lighter or white spots on the skin.
c. Melasma: Hormonal changes trigger the development of brown or gray patches, commonly occurring during pregnancy or due to birth control use. d. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Dark spots appear after inflammation or injury to the skin, such as acne or a wound.

• Sun Exposure: UV rays stimulate melanocytes, causing an increase in melanin production and leading to sunspots or freckles.

• Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances during pregnancy or due to certain medications can cause melasma or other pigmentation issues.

• Skin Injuries and Inflammation: Skin trauma, acne, or other inflammatory conditions can trigger PIH.

• Genetics: Certain genetic factors can predispose individuals to specific pigmentation concerns.

Sun Protection: Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade can prevent sun-induced pigmentation.

Topical Treatments: Skincare products containing ingredients like vitamin C, retinoids, and niacinamide can help in reducing pigmentation over time.

Hormonal Management: For melasma triggered by hormonal changes, managing hormone levels can aid in controlling the condition.